| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Name–letter effect ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Name–letter effect
The name–letter effect refers to a person's tendency to favor the letters in their name over the other letters of the alphabet and it is one of the widest used measures of implicit self-esteem. Discovered by Jozef Nuttin, the name–letter effect has been the subject of much research over the last few decades, shedding light on subjects such as implicit egotism, academic and financial success, and even the idea that people gravitate to cities that resemble their names.〔Nuttin, J.M. (1985). Narcissism beyond Gestalt and awareness: The name–letter effect. ''European Journal of Social Psychology'', 15(3), 353–361.〕
The name–letter effect differs from "implicit egotism",〔Pelham, B.W., Carvallo, M., & Jones, J.T. (2005). Implicit egoism. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 106–110.〕 the latter being attributed to the way people allegedly gravitate towards places, people and situations that reflect themselves, including perhaps similarities with their own name.
== History ==
The name–letter effect was first described using that term by Belgian researcher Jozef Nuttin in 1985.〔 Previous work refers to similar phenomena, including a study in 1962 by Alluisi and Adams that found a strong correlation between estimations of frequency of letter occurrence in English and visual pleasantness of that letter.〔Alluisi, E. A., & Adams, O. S. (1962). Predicting letter preferences: Aesthetics and filtering in man. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 14, 123–131. doi: 10.2466/pms.1962.14.1.123〕 In addition, the 1968 study by Robert Zajonc demonstrated that repeated exposure to a stimulus, such as a letter, is a sufficient condition to enhance its attractiveness.〔〔Zajonc, Robert B. (1968). "Attitudinal Effects Of Mere Exposure". ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'' 9 (2, Pt.2): 1–27. doi:10.1037/h0025848〕 Nuttin, along with various colleagues from the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, observed the name–letter effect in 15 European countries and at least 3 non-European countries.〔〔 The results from this experiment showed that even across languages, people were significantly more likely to choose their name letters above the other letters in their respective alphabets.
Nuttin's original study involved Flemish elementary and university students. Pairs or triads of capital letters were presented to these students, with one of the letters being one of that participant's initials. Nuttin found that the average proportion of own-name letter preferred was significantly higher than the random-letter partner(s). This was true of both first-name letters and family-name letters across 16 conditions.〔 A subsequent study performed by Nuttin in 1987 studied the name–letter effect across 12 languages and included different alphabets. Participants were shown 10 random orders of capital letters and were told to choose the top 6 favorites. Nuttin also manipulated other factors in the experiment, such as the letters appearing in pairs or triads, in an attempt to increase the validity of the study. This study also concluded that letters found in one's own name are 50% more likely to be chosen for the top 6, with the strongest correlation to the first letters of the first and family names (initials).〔Nuttin, J.M. (1987). Affective consequences of mere ownership: The name letter effect in twelve European languages. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17(4), 381–402.〕 Subsequent work by Stefan Steiger and Etienne LaBel also found that the name–letter effect is largest for the letters that constitute one's initials.〔Steiger, S., & LaBel, E. (2010, August 18). Name–Letter Preferences for New Last Name and Abandoned Birth Name Initials in the Context of Name-Change via Marriage. Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9a851be5-fee0-4ee3-9acb-181547c20ad9@sessionmgr111&vid=1&hid=119〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Name–letter effect」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|